Item is a leaf from A Booke of Christian Prayers (commonly known as Queen Elizabeth's Prayer Book as it was reputedly designed for her private use), a collection of private devotions and prayers published by in London by Richard Day. The leaf (folio 115) contains part of a prayer and is illustrated with woodcut borders of memento mori (including gravediggers' shovels, skeletons, the aged and infirm, and bodies in tombs) and the Dance of Death.

Item is a leaf from a printed book of hours from Paris featuring illuminated and gilded initials and borders.

Item is an illustrated leaf (folio 114) from a Latin edition of The Ship of Fools, a satirical allegory in verse by Sebastian Brant, printed by Jacobus Sacon in Lyon. The leaf features a section of the chapter "Of Blowing Into Ears" and a woodcut of a fool blowing into the ear of another. A partial translation of the leaf reads:

A fool who puts into his head
And credits things that men have said,
He is a dunce that merits jeers,
With sensitive and spacious ears.
All honesty those persons lack
Who would assail behind one's back
And strike without e'er warning hum,
With chances of fending very slim.

Item is a leaf from a bilingual book of hours printed in Paris, and featuring hand-painted initials. The text is divided into two columns with the French text in the larger left hand column, and the Latin text on the right. The leaf contains part of the text for Vespers from the Hours of the Blessed Virgin Mary, including the hymns "Ave Maris Stella" (Hail, Star of the Sea) and the "Canticle of Mary" (also known as the Magnificat or Song of Mary). A partial translation of Ave Maris Stella reads:

All hail star of the sea, God's mother clear and bright,
The happy gate of bliss, and still in virgin's plight.

Item is a leaf (folio 192) from Catalogus Sanctorum et Gestorum Eorum (A Catalogue of Saints and their Acts), a collection of saints' lives by Petrus de Natalibus, printed in Leiden by John Thomas. This leaf includes hagiographies of Catholic saints and martyrs, each preceded by a small woodcut illustration, including: Pope Pelagius I; the Spanish martyrs George, Aurelius, Natalia, and Felix; Anastasias of Persia; and the prophet Daniel (depicted in the lions' den).

Hagiographies, collections of semi-fictional stories of the lives of Christian saints, were immensely popular in medieval Europe. The Catalogus Sanctorum was originally published in 12 volumes and went through a number of editions.

Item is a continuous bifolium from a Biblia Latina printed in Venice by Franciscus Renner of Heilbronn. The bifolium contains chapters 30-35 of the Book of Ecclesiastics and features hand-painted majuscules and glossing in red and black ink.

Item is a leaf (folio XII) from the fifth edition of The Great Bible, published in London by Edward Whitchurch (Whytchurch), containing part of the Book of Psalms. The Great Bible was the first official edition of the Bible in English, and was authorized by Henry VIII during the English Reformation to be read aloud during church services.

Item is a leaf from The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande by Raphael Holinshed, a comprehensive history of Britain which was printed in London by Henry Bynnemann for John Harrison. The leaf (pages 187-188) describes the reign of Ine (or Inas) of Wessex, "King of the Saxons," and features two woodcut illustrations, one depicting the king and the other the construction of the monastery of Glastonbury, which he commissioned.

Shakespeare used Holinshed's Chronicles as the source for more than a third of his plays, including Macbeth, King Lear, and Richard III.

File contains two leaves illustrated with woodcuts from the Hortus Sanitatis (Garden of Health) printed in Strasbourg by Johann Pruss. One leaf is from the second section "De Animalibus" (Of Animals) featuring articles about water snakes, field crickets, and hedgehogs, and hyenas. The other leaf contains the prologue of the third section "De Avibus" (Of Birds) and articles about eagles, peacocks, and falcons.

The Hortus Sanitatis is a comprehensive natural history encylopedia that contains descriptions of animals, plants, fish, birds, and minerals, including their medical uses or curative properties. Originally published by Jacob Meydenbach in 1491, the Hortus Sanitatis proved very popular and was printed in many editions in various languages.

Item is a leaf (folio 3) from "The Knightes Tale" from The Woorkes of Geffrey Chaucer, Newly Printed, edited by John Stowe and printed in London by John Kyngston for John Wight.

Item is a leaf (folio XXXVII) from a missal, possibly printed by the Leipzig printer Konrad Kachelofen or his son-in-law Melchior Lotter. Leaf features a historiated initial and text in black and red. A missal is a liturgical text that contains instructions and texts required for celebrating Mass.

Item is a leaf from an edition of Dante Alighieri's narrative poem the Divine Comedy that was printed in Venice in 1507 for Bartholomeo de Zanna da Portese. The leaf contains part of Canto XXII of the Inferno, with commentary by Cristoforo Landino. It features several woodcut initials and an illustration of Dante and Virgil observing sinners suffering in a pool of burning pitch. A partial translation of the text reads:

Before this I've seen horsemen start to march
and open the assault and muster ranks
and seen them too, at times beat their retreat;

and on your land, o Aretines, I've seen
rangers and raiding parties galloping,
the clash of tournaments, the rush of jousts,

now done with trumpets, now with bells, and now
with drums, and now with signs from castle walls,
with native things and with imported ware;

File contains five leaves from Wynkyn de Worde's English edition of the Golden Legend (Legenda aurea), Jacobus de Voragine's popular collection of hagiographies, or the lives, deeds, and martyrdoms of the saints. De Worde was a famous early English printer and an apprentice and later successor to England's most famous printer, William Caxton. Most leaves relate to the lives of English saints. Some leaves are illustrated with woodcuts, and a number have been expurgated, with references to the pope, certain saints, and illustrations deliberately crossed out, likely reflecting changing attitudes to the papacy and the cult of saints during the English Reformation.

Item is leaf from the Kelmscott Press edition of Jacobus de Voragine's Golden Legend, which was itself based on Wynkyn de Worde's 1527 edition. The leaf consists of pages 497 and 498 of Volume II, covering the Life of Saint Aldhelm and the end of the Life of Saint Dunstan, with ornamental initials designed by William Morris.

William Morris was an influential English artist and designer, a member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and a founder of the Arts and Craft movement. Morris founded the Kelmscott Press in 1891 and used traditional printing and paper design methods to make handmade books that were inspired by the medieval period.

Item is a Reformation-era theological pamphlet entitled "On the worship & veneration of the saints" by Kaspar Schatzgeyer (1463-1527), a Catholic Franciscan teacher and biblical scholar from Bavaria who strongly defended Catholic tradition while adopting a conciliatory approach to Martin Luther's reforms.

Item is a leaf from the Theuerdank, a chivalric poem composed by the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I (1459-1519). Written in the form of an epic romance, the Theuerdank is a fictionalized account of Maximilian's own journey to marry Mary of Burgundy in 1477, and is full of allegorical allusions.

The leaf features text in an early fraktur typeface with seperately printed flourishes, and a woodcut illustration of the knight Theuerdank ('Noble Thought,' who represents Maximilian) and a companion climbing a cliff to finish one of the tasks he must complete to win the hand of Ernreich ('Rich in Honour' - Mary). At the foot of the cliff are Theuerdank's faithful squire Ernhold ('Steadfastly Honoured,' wearing a tunic depicting a wheel of fortune) and Fürwittig ('Over-confident'), one of three villains that try to prevent Theuerdank from reaching his bride.

Item is a leaf (folio 256, volume VI) of the first printed edition (editio princeps) of Aristotle's Opera Omnia (Complete Works) in the original Greek, printed by Aldus Manutius in Venice. This edition, printed between 1495 and 1498, was significant because it was the first major classical Greek prose collection to be compiled and printed in its original language, a major scholarly and technological feat. This and other Greek editions printed by the Aldine Press greatly helped the humanist scholars of the Renaissance to access and study classical works in their original form.

Item is a leaf from an edition of Virgil's epic poem the Aeneid printed by Giunta in Lyon in 1505. The leaf features text from Book V of the poem and a half page woodcut illustration depicting the Trojan hero Aeneas consulting with his companions Nautes and Acestes (at upper right) while the Trojans rest in Sicily before continuing their voyage. The woodcuts were created by an unknown late master of the Gruninger workshop and were reused in later editions in 1519 and 1522.

The Aeneid was written between 29 and 19 BCE by the Roman poet Virgil, and is one of the greatest classical epic poems. The Aeneid tells the story of the aftermath of the fall of Troy to the Greeks, and the subsequent founding of the Roman nation. A partial translation of the text of this leaf reads:

Choose out the old men full of years and sea-worn matrons, and all of your company who are weak
and fearful of peril, and let the wearied find their city in this land. This city, if you permit the name,
they shall call Acesta.

Then, indeed, kindled by these words of his aged friend, he is torn asunder in soul amid his cares.
And now, borne upwards in her chariot, black Night held the sky, when there seemed to glide down
from heaven the likeness of his father Anchises and suddenly to utter thus his words: "Son, dearer to
me than life, in days when life was mine; son, tested by Illium's fate! I come hither by Jove's
command, who drove the fire from your fleet, and at last has had pity from high heaven. Obey the fair
advice that aged Nautes now gives; chosen youths, the bravest hearts, lead to Italy. A people hard and rugged in nature must you subdue in Latium. Yet first approach the nether halls of Dis, and through the depths of Avernus seek, my son, a meeting with me.

Item is an illuminated book of hours printed in Paris at the workshop of the brothers Gilles and Germaine Hardouyn, printers and illuminators who specialized in books of hours. The book is printed on octavo vellum leaves, with most of its 194 pages containing 23 lines of black letter text. Text pages are decorated with a variety of historiated and ornamental metalcut borders (depicting allegorical, biblical, or other religious scenes) and initials illuminated in gold on blue or red grounds. It also features 29 metalcuts overpainted to look like miniatures, including 12 large and 13 small illustrations, and 4 historiated borders. The book also features a 17th century French citron morocco binding, tooled in gilt to a panel design with drawer-handle and volute tools. Text is in Latin, with a colophon at the end in Middle French.

Item is a detached cover of a 16th century book, likely of south German origin. The cover is made of wood and blind-tooled leather (with numerous bookworm holes), and features decorative brass corners and a central boss.

File consists of a detached cover of a 16th century book, likely of German origin, and 9 fragments recovered from the book's binding. The cover is made of wood and blind-tooled leather decorated with geometric patterns and miniature portraits. It features a brass central boss, and two damaged leather straps, one complete with a decorated metal clasp, the other partial. The cover is accompanied by 9 fragments of the book's binding, including 7 recycled medieval manuscript fragments, a head or tail band, and one of the cords that would have attached the covers and the quires/gatherings of leaves.

Item is a leaf from a Biblia Latina printed by J. Sacon of Lyon for Anton Koberger of Nuremberg. Leaf contains verses 19:6-24:4 of the Book of Ecclesiastes and features a large woodcut of its translation from the original Hebrew to Greek. A partial transcription of the leaf reads:

Beginning with "Qui peccat": "He that sinneth against his own soul, shall repent... hast thou heard a word against thy neighbor? Let it die within thee... a wise man will hold his peace til he see opportunity: but a babbler, and a fool, will regard no time... a man wise in words shall make himself beloved: but the graces of fools shall be poured out... he that keepeth justice shall get the understanding thereof. The perfection of the fear of God is wisdom and understanding..."

Item is a leaf from the second volume of Decretales Pape Gregorii... mit der Glosse des Bernardus Parmensis, printed by Peter Drach in Speyer, Germany in 1486. The Decretals of Pope Gregory IX were an important collection of medieval canon law, and in this edition were accompanied by commentary by the noted Italian canonist Bernard of Botone, also known as Bernard of Parma. The Decretals of Gregory IX is one of four works that make up the Corpus Juris Canonici, the collection of papal decisions that compromised the law of the Catholic Church and governed papal lands. The Decretals is organized into five books covering church government, procedure, clerical life, marriage, and criminal law.

The leaf contains an excerpt from a general encyclical (a papal letter on doctrine) in the center of the page surrounded by related decretals (papal decrees relating to canon law) and/or commentary.

Item is a leaf (folio 386) from the first illustrated edition of Hieronymus Bock's New Kreuterbuch von Underscheidt, Würckung und Namen der Kreuter, so in teutschen Landen wachsen (New plant book of differences, effects, and names of plants that grow in German lands), a herbal (a book describing the properties and uses of plants) printed in Strasbourg by Wendel Riehel. The leaf features a woodblock illustration designed by David Kandel of an apple tree with a serpent and Adam's skull and leg bone, referencing the Book of Genesis.

The Kreuterbuch is notable because Bock chose to classify the 700 plants he covered according to their observed characteristics, an innovation that anticipated modern botany, whereas earlier herbals had categorized plants according to Classical Greek systems.

File contains two leaves from the Liber Chronicarum (Book of Chronicles), commonly know as the Nuremberg Chronicle, an illustrated biblical and world history published by Hartmann Schedel. The book was printed in Nuremberg by Anton Koberger and illustrated with woodcuts by Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff. The Liber Chronicarum is notable for being one of the first printed books to successfully integrate illustrations with text.

Recto of leaf (folio CCLXVIII) features a large woodcut illustration of a city in Hungary, and the verso features a large illuminated initial and paraphs in red and blue.

Leaf (folio CVIIII) features woodcuts of martyrs (Policarpus, Praxedes, Felicitas, Ptolemy, and Aulus Gellius) and heretics (Montanus and Apelles) on the recto, and popes from 174 to 222 (Anicetus, Soter, Eleutherius, Victor, Zephyrinus, and Calixtus) on the verso.

Item is a leaf from an early vernacular Bible printed by Gunther Zainer in Augsburg.

Item is a leaf from a polyglot Bible compiled by Brian Walton and his collaborators that presents the text of the Bible in nine languages as an aid to biblical study. This leaf (pages 87-88) comes from the Book of Ecclesiasticus (also known as the Wisdom of Sirach) and features side-by-side comparisons of the text in four languages: Latin, Greek, Syriac, and Arabic.

Item is a volume containing three works by the Roman poet Virgil: the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the Aeneid. The volume was printed in Venice by Lucantonio Giunta and contains 115 large woodcuts. The volume also contains commentary on the original poems by Josse Badius, Domizio Calderino, Marcus Valerius Probus, Servius Maurus Honoratus, Tiberius Claudius Donatus, Antonio Mancinelli, Cristoforo Landino, Agostino Dati, Pomponio Leto, Filippo Beroaldo, and Valeriano Pierio Bolzanio.

Item is an anti-war and anti-nuclear weapons pamphlet published by the National Committee, Labor-Progressive Party.

Item is a booklet written by Tim Buck the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Canada from 1929 until 1962. The booklet was published by Progress Books.

Item is a booklet written by chemist and peace activist Linus Pauling, winner of the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize. The booklet was published by the Canadian Peace Congress.

Item is a pamphlet for the 17th national convention for the Communist Party of Canada. The item was issued by the Alberta Provincial Committee, Communist Party of Canada.

Item is a booklet of a "[s]peech given by Dr. Fidel Castro ... at the closing of the National Congress of Cane Co-Operatives, August 18, 1962." The booklet was printed by the Fair Play for Cuba Committee.

Item is a "[r]edraft of the Program of the Communist Party of Canada adopted by the April meeting of the Central Committee and presented for discussion in preparation of the 21st Convention of the Party."

"This pamphlet is the text of a report ... to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Canada on behalf of its executive on Nov. 14, 1970."

Item is a pamphlet published by the Labor-Progressive Party containing a letter written to Tim Buck, leader of the Labor-Progressive Party, by Dyson Carter.

Item is text of "the keynote address delivered by William Kashtan, general-secretary, to the 22nd Convention of the Communist Party of Canada, Toronto, May 18-20, 1974." The item was published by the Communist Party of Canada.

Item is a pamphlet published by the League for Democratic Rights that protests portions of Bill No. 7 which would revise the Criminal Code of Canada and affect free speech and the right to strike.

Item is a pamphlet of a report adopted by the Communist Party of Canada. General Secretary William Kashtan delivered the report to the Central Committee May 24-25, 1975. Item was published by Communist Party of Canada.

Item is a pamphlet published by the Communist Party of Canada and written by William Kashtan, General Secretary of the party. The pamphlet is an analysis of the 1972 federal election and what direction the CPC should take in the future by detailing proposed policies for the party.

Item is a pamphlet from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Canada meeting on March 24-26, 1978. Item includes a report from General Secretary William Kashtan, the CPC's election platform, and party resolutions. Item was published by the Communist Party of Canada.

Item outlines the Communist Party of Canada's view on the causes of unemployment in Canada and their policy on employment.

Item is a pamphlet distributed by the Communist Party of Canada to correct misrepresentations of their party's position on organized labour. Item was authored by Bruce Magnuson, Labour Secretary of the CPC.

Item is a pamphlet of a report by William Kashtan, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Canada, given to the Central Committee - October 20-22, 1978. Item was published by the Communist Party of Canada.

Item is a pamphlet written by Bruce Magnuson, Labour Secretary of the Communist Party of Canada. Item was published by Progress Books.

Item is a collection of portions of speeches given by Dr. Hewlett Johnson, Dean of Canterbury, in the United States and Canada. The pamphlet was distributed by the Provisional Committee, Canadian Peace Congress.

Item is a summary of a meeting that occurred in Moscow in November 1960. Item was published by Progress Books for the Communist Party of Canada.

Item is a pamphlet of a report by William Kashtan, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Canada, given to the Central Committee on January 24-25, 1976. Item was published by the Communist Party of Canada.

Item is a pamphlet of the keynote address and closing remarks by William Kashtan, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Canada, given to delegates attending the 19th Convention - May 21-24, 1966. Item was published by the Communist Party of Canada.

Item is a book published by Progress Books about the alleged control of Canadian industry by the United States.

Item is a pamphlet outlining the political platform of the Labor-Progressive Party.

Item is a political platform for the Communist Party of Canada which was adopted at their 21st Convention November 27-29, 1971. Item was published by the Communist Party of Canada.

Item is a convention program which includes a policy resolution, concluding remarks, constitution amendments, and general resolutions. Item was published by the Communist Party of Canada.

Item is a pamphlet published by the League for Democratic Rights to protest a proposed revision to the Criminal Code of Canada.

Item is a pamphlet created by the National Executive Committee, Communist Party of Canada to present their views on the Unemployment Insurance Act to the Committee of Inquiry.

Item is a pamphlet which challenges the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation's (CCF) policies, particularly the actions of the party's leadership. Item was published by the Labor-Progressive Party of which Ryerson was a member.

Item is a pamphlet published by the League for Democratic Rights to protest a proposed revision to the Criminal Code of Canada.

Item is a pamphlet which advocates better trade relations between Canada and the Soviet Union. Item was published by News-Facts.

Item was published by the Communist Party of Canada and contains text of the keynote address given by General Secretary William Kashtan at the 22nd CPC convention.

Item is published by the Alberta Committee, Communist Party of Canada and is a brief presented to the Government of Alberta by the Committee about revenue derived from natural resources, particularly oil.

Item is a pamphlet written by Tim Buck, leader of the Labor-Progressive Party, critiquing Donald Gordon, Chairman of the Wartime Prices and Trade Board, and his position on the correlation of wages and inflation. Item also contains a page of notes.

Item is a pamphlet about city government, urban growth, and local taxation. Item was written by Bruce Magnuson, Labour Secretary of the Communist Party of Canada and was published by Progress Books.

Item is a federal election statement of the Labor-Progressive Party.

Item is a pamphlet published by the Labor-Progressive Party and makes the case for government ownership and control of a utility company in British Columbia.

Item is a pamphlet published by the Labor-Progressive Party. The intent of the pamphlet was to hold the newly elected federal Progressive Conservative Party to promises they made during their campaign.

Item is a pamphlet that critiques John Diefenbaker and the federal Progressive Conservative Party. Item was published by the Communist Party of Canada.

Item contains documented accounts complied by the author during the Second World Peace Congress in November 1950. Item includes an insert that indexes Endicott's interviews with individuals in her booklet.

Item is a pamphlet of the political platform for the Communist Party-Alberta for the 1979 Alberta provincial election.

Item is a pamphlet written by Tim Buck, leader of the Labor-Progressive Party. Buck writes about his concern over what he sees as the Canadian government handing over power and sovereignty to the United States.

Item is a pamphlet of the political platform for the Communist Party of Canada for the 1962 federal election and was published by the Communist Party of Canada (Alberta Committee).

Item is a booklet that contains a compilation of correspondence written between 1945 - 1947 involving Carter. Item was published by Progress Books.

File contains pamphlets published by the Communist Party of Canada (Alberta Committee). Pamphlets were distributed to Communist Party members and others interested in receiving CPC information. Topics are mostly about Alberta issues but also include national subjects and CPC policies.

Item is a pamphlet by Tim Buck, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Canada from 1929 until 1962, which was published by Progress Books.

Item is a pamphlet by Canadian scientist and Communist Dyson Carter about the negative and positive possibilities of atomic power. Item was published by Frontier Books.

Item is a leaf from the Shahnameh (The Book of Kings), the national epic of Greater Iran which was written by the Persian poet Hakīm Abul-Qāsim Firdawsī Tūsī (Ferdowsi) in the early 11th century.

File contains two leaves with large miniatures that appear to be from the same Persian religious text.

Item is a leaf with a large miniature that seems to depict foot whipping (also known as falaka or bastinado).

Item is a leaf with a full-page miniature that depicts five figures (one appears to be being pulled out of a hole in the ground with a rope) and a camel.

Item is a leaf that was reused as the limp binding for a later work, the title of which appears to be partly visible on what was the spine. The leaf features rubrication and initials in red and blue.

Item is a fragment of a leaf from the Moralia in Job (also known as the Commentary on Job, Magna Moralia, or Moralia, sive Expositio in Job), a work of biblical commentary authored by Pope Gregory I (Saint Gregory the Great) in the late 6th century. The fragment is written in late Caroline miniscule or protogothic script. It also features several holes including a large parchment flaw at bottom, while those in the centre were probably created when the fragment was reused as a limp binding.

Item is a tefillin scroll containing an excerpt from the Torah. Tefillin (or phylacteries) are sets of two small black leather boxes, each containing a set of four scrolls of verses from the Torah, which are worn by observant adult Jews during weekday morning prayers as a remembrance of God's delivery of the Israelites out of Egypt.

Item is a leaf from a Quran written in Nashki script and decorated with gold painted borders.

File contains a leaf from a Burmese black parabaik, or folding-book manuscript, that contains tattoo designs, including: birds, tigers (one eating a person), flags, and an elaborate hti (a Burmese umbrella, an important religious symbol and marker of high social status). Tattooing was a traditional practice of several ethnic groups (including the Shan people) in Burma / Myanmar until the 20th century, and had cultural, religious, and magical significance. The accompanying text is likely in Burmese or Shan.

Parabaik are made of thick paper from the bark of the paper mulberry tree that is sometimes blackened with charcoal like this one, and then written on with a white steatite (soapstone) pencil. The paper is then folded accordion-style and bound with protective covers.

Item is a leaf from an unidentified Uyghur or Mongolian text, possibly a Buddhist sutra or other religious text.

Item is a palm-leaf manuscript from Southeast Asia (possibly Thailand), and is likely a Buddhist text in Pali. The text is written in 5 lines, possibly in Thai script. The manuscript is bound with a cord that passes through a central hole in the leaves and the boards. Both the boards and the manuscript's accompanying display stand are made of wood and painted black with gilt decoration.

Series consists of leaves and a bifolium from books of hours and other Christian devotional texts for the private use of laypeople (non-clergy), which were very popular in the late medieval period.

Item is an illuminated leaf from a book of hours from Bruges in Flanders.

File contains three leaves from an illuminated book of hours from Northern France, possibly Paris. The leaves are decorated with elaborate panel borders, some inhabited by fantastical creatures, as well as illuminated initials and line fillers.

Leaf is decorated with an illuminated panel border featuring a fantastical creature, likely a griffin.

Leaf contains an illuminated panel border with a fantastical creature, possibly a double-headed dragon.

Leaf features an illuminated panel border with a fantastical creature, possibly an insect with the head of a bearded man.

Item is an illuminated leaf, likely from a book of hours. The leaf features initials and line fillers in red, blue, and burnished gold.

Item is a leaf from a book of hours in a vernacular language, possibly medieval German.